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History of Varanasi Music Tradition

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history 7 min Updated: 2026

History of Varanasi Music Tradition

Musical Heritage

The evolution of the Benares Gharana and Varanasi's contribution to Indian classical music

Varanasi has been one of the most important centers of Indian classical music for centuries. The Benares Gharana, one of the oldest and most prestigious musical traditions, originated here and continues to influence musicians worldwide.

Key Takeaways

  • Ancient Musical Roots
  • The Benares Gharana
  • Modern Musical Legacy

Ancient Musical Roots

Music has been integral to Varanasi since ancient times. The city is associated with Nada Brahma (sound as the divine) and has been a center for the development of both Hindustani and devotional music.

The Bhakti movement saints, particularly Tulsidas and Kabir, composed devotional songs that became part of the Varanasi musical tradition. These compositions are still performed today.

The Benares Gharana

The Benares Gharana was founded in the 19th century and is known for its distinctive style of thumri, dadra, and khyal singing. Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande and Pandit Baba Allauddin Khan were associated with this tradition.

The gharana is particularly known for its ornate and elaborate singing style, with intricate taans and gamaks that distinguish it from other musical traditions.

Thumri Style

The Benares Gharana is particularly renowned for its thumri renditions

Instruments

Sitar, tabla, sarangi, and harmonium are central to the Benares tradition

The Benares Gharana

Modern Musical Legacy

Pandit Ravi Shankar, the world-famous sitar player, had deep connections to Varanasi. His innovations brought Indian classical music to global audiences while maintaining its traditional roots.

Today, Varanasi continues to produce renowned musicians and hosts several music festivals. The Sankat Mochan Music Festival, organized annually, attracts top musicians from across India.

Quick Tips

Varanasi is home to the Benares Gharana, one of India's oldest musical traditions. Known for thumri, dadra, and khyal singing, it has produced legendary musicians like Ravi Shankar. The annual Sankat Mochan Music Festival continues this tradition.

Frequently Asked Questions

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